Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Bio-C Repair, Endosequence BC Root Repair, MTA Angelus and MTA Repair HP

Abstract The aim was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Bio-C Repair (BCR), compared to Endosequence BC Root Repair (ERRM), MTA Angelus (MTA-Ang), and MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP). MC3T3 osteoblastic cells were exposed to extracts of the repairing bioceramic cements. After 1, 3, and 7 days, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated by MTT and Micronucleus tests, respectively. Cells not exposed to biomaterials were used as a negative control. Data were compared using ANOVA two-way, followed by the Tukey Test (α=5%). MTA-Ang and MTA-HP showed no difference in relation to control regarding cytotoxicity in any experimental times. BCR and ERRM reduced cell viability after 3 and 7 days (p<0.05); however, the reduction caused by BCR was less than that caused by ERRM. Considering the micronucleus formation, all biomaterials caused an increase after 3 and 7 days (p<0.05), being greater for the BCR and ERRM groups. It can be concluded that BCR is non-cytotoxic in osteoblastic cells, as well as MTA-Ang e MTA Repair HP. BCR and ERRM showed greater genotoxicity than others tested biomaterials.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar in vitro a citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do Bio-C Repair (BCR), em comparação com o Endosequence BC Root Repair (ERRM), MTA Angelus (MTA-Ang) e MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP). As células osteoblásticas MC3T3 foram expostas aos extratos dos cimentos biocerâmicos reparadores. Após 1, 3 e 7 dias, a citotoxicidade e a genotoxicidade foram avaliadas pelos testes MTT e Micronúcleo, respectivamente. Células não expostas aos biomateriais foram utilizadas como controle negativo. Os dados foram comparados por ANOVA de dois fatores, seguido do Teste de Tukey (p = 5 %). MTA-Ang e MTA-HP não apresentaram diferença em relação ao controle quanto à citotoxicidade em nenhum dos tempos experimentais. BCR e ERRM reduziram a viabilidade celular após 3 e 7 dias (p < 0,05); no entanto, a redução causada pelo BCR foi menor que aquela causada pelo ERRM. Todos os biomateriais causaram aumento na formação de micronúcleos após 3 e 7 dias (p < 0,05), sendo maior para os grupos BCR e ERRM. O BCR não é citotóxico em células osteoblásticas, assim como cimentos MTA-Ang e MTA Repair HP. BCR e ERRM apresentaram maior genotoxicidade do que outros biomateriais testados.

The importance of optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the glycemic control of older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Data from the study on aging and longevity EELO

INTRODUCTION: Optimal serum levels of vitamin D are of great importance, especially in populations with comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and glycemic control in older adults with type 2 DM. METHODS: Cross-sectional and prospective study, part of the EELO project (Study on Aging and Longevity), conducted in Southern Brazil. Glycated hemoglobin (diabetes ≥6.5%) and serum levels of vitamin D (25(OH)D) were evaluated. Hypovitaminosis D was determined using cutoff points <20 and <30 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk of having uncontrolled DM. RESULTS: Of the 120 older adults included in the study, aged between 60 and 87 years, 74.2% were women, 66.7% used hypoglycemic medications and 75.8% exhibited uncontrolled diabetes. An inverse correlation was observed between the levels of 25(OH) D and glycated hemoglobin (rS=-0.19, p=0.037), suggesting that low levels of vitamin D are associated with poor glycemic control in diabetic individuals. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D when using the cutoff points of <20 and <30 ng/mL were 34.2% and 75.0%, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) analysis showed that individuals with 25(OH)D<20ng/mL have almost 4 times more risk of having uncontrolled DM (OR:3.94; CI95%:1.25-12.46, p=0.02) when compared to the older adults with sufficient levels of vitamin D. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the optimal serum levels currently recommended for 25(OH)D should preferably be 30 ng/mL or higher to contribute to better glycemic control in older adults with type 2 DM.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os níveis séricos ideais de vitamina D são de grande importância, especialmente na população com comorbidades como o Diabetes Mellitus (DM). OBJETIVO: O estudo avaliou a relação entre hipovitaminose D e controle glicêmico em idosos com DM tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e prospectivo, parte do projeto EELO (Estudo sobre Envelhecimento e Longevidade), no Sul do Brasil. A hemoglobina glicada (diabetes ≥6,5%) e os níveis séricos de vitamina D (25(OH)D) foram avaliados. Hipovitaminose D foi determinada usando ponto de corte <20 e <30 ng/mL. Regressão logística multivariada foi utilizada para avaliar o risco de ter DM descompensado. RESULTADOS: Dos 120 idosos incluídos no estudo, idade entre 60 a 87 anos, 74,2% eram mulheres, 66,7% faziam uso de medicamentos hipoglicemiantes e 75,8% apresentavam diabetes descompensada. Uma correlação inversa foi observada entre os níveis de 25(OH)D e hemoglobina glicada (rS=-0,19; p=0.037), sugerindo que baixos níveis de vitamina D está associado a um pior controle glicêmico em diabéticos. A prevalência de hipovitaminose D quando se utiliza ponto de corte <20 e <30 ng/mL foi de 34,2% e 75,0%, respectivamente. A análise Odds ratio (OR) mostrou que indivíduos com 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL tem quase 4 vezes mais risco de ter DM descompensado (OR:3,94; IC95%:1,25­12,46; p=0,02) quando comparado aos idosos com níveis suficientes de vitamina D. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que os níveis sérios ideais atualmente recomendados para 25(OH)D maior ou igual a 30 ng/ml contribuem para o melhor controle glicêmico na população idosa com DM tipo 2.

Relationship between tooth loss, nutritional status and consumption of macro and micronutrients in elderly people from southern Brazil

Maintaining a functional natural dentition plays an important role in keeping a satisfactory nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral health conditions determined by the presence of edentulism and the number of missing teeth, nutritional status and consumption of nutrients by the elderly. This cross-sectional study comprised 494 independent elderly of both genders, over 60 years of age, registered at the Brazilian public health service in Londrina, southern Brazil. The data collection included: oral examinations; anthropometric measurements by calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI); analysis of food consumption based on a multiple pass 24-hour dietary recall and a food intake frequency questionnaire; and structured interviews to obtain sociodemographic information. Multiple linear regression, the Fisher's Exact test, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, were applied at a 5% significance level. The prevalence of edentulism was 47.3%; this predominated in females, age group from 65 to 74 years, low education level and low/medium economic classification. A larger numberof underweight and fewer number of overweight elderly were recorded among the edentulous versus dentate participants (< 0.0001). Significantly lower consumption of several nutrients, as well as fruit, was recorded among the edentulous group. In particular, carbohydrates, vitamins (B1, B9 and C), and the majority of the minerals studied were associated with a larger number of missing teeth. In conclusion, tooth loss was associated with the food consumption pattern of some macro-and micronutrients and the nutritional status of the Brazilian elderly.

Evaluation of ApaI and FokI polymorphism of VDR gene and functional characterization in patients with fibromyalgia / Avaliação do polimorfismo ApaI e FokI do gene VDR e caracterização funcional em pacientes com fibromialgia

Abstract Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of unknown origin characterized by several symptoms, and although its pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated, it seems to be related to inflammatory path-ways and neurochemical changes in the brain. Objective: To evaluate the association between BsmI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, their polymorphisms, and clinical variables in women with and without FM. Methods: This is a case-control study composed of a group of 53 women with FM and another with 40 women without the disease. The McGill Pain Questionnaire, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Pain Visual Analogue Scale and the sit-up test were applied. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the ApaI and FokI polymorphism. Results: There was a statistical association between race, comorbidity and FM, where 78.4% of the individuals were white and had FM (p < 0.002) and 96.1% had some comorbidity (p < 0.001). Seventy-six point five percent (76.5%) of patients with FM underperformed in the sit-up test (p < 0.001). There was also an association between the genotypic and allele frequencies of the VDR and FM gene Apal and FokI polymorphisms (p < 0.001). In the VDR gene ApaI polymorphism, the CC genotype exhibited a higher frequency in women with FM, the C allele for the Apal polymorphism was 3.33 times more likely, and the FokI polymorphism was 10.9 times more likely to develop FM (p < 0,0001). Conclusion: Women with C allele for ApaI polymorphism are 3.33 times more likely to have FM (95%CI = 1.58-7.02; p = 0.0024), and in FokI polymorphism, the prevalence of T allele is 10.9 times greater (95% CI = 4.76-25.38; p < 0.0001). No significant associations were found in relation to BsmI polymorphism and frequency alleles (p = 0.062 and p = 0.078, respectively).

Resumo Introdução: A fibromialgia (FM) é uma síndrome de origem desconhecida caracterizada por diversos sintomas, e embora sua patogênese não tenha sido completamente elucidada, parece estar relacionada às vias inflamatórias e alterações neuroquímicas no cérebro. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre os polimorfismos BsmI, ApaI e FokI do gene do receptor da vitamina D (VDR), seus polimorfismos e variáveis clínicas em mulheres com e sem FM. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle composto por um grupo de 53 mulheres com FM e outro com 40 mulheres sem a doença. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Dor de McGill, Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia, Escala Visual Analógica da Dor e o teste de sentar. A PCR em tempo real foi realizada para analisar o polimorfismo ApaI e FokI. Resultados: Houve associação estatística entre raça, comorbidade e FM, onde 78,4% dos indivíduos eram brancos e apresentavam FM (p < 0,002) e 96,1% tinham alguma comorbidade (p < 0,001). Setenta e seis vírgula cinco por cento (76,5%) dos pacientes com FM tiveram desempenho inferior no teste de abdominais (p < 0,001). Também houve associação entre as frequências genotípicas e alélicas dos polimorfismos Apal e FokI do gene VDR e FM (p < 0,001). No polimorfismo ApaI do gene VDR, o genótipo CC apresentou maior frequência em mulheres com FM, o alelo C para o polimorfismo Apal foi 3,33 vezes mais provável, e o polimorfismo FokI teve 10,9 vezes mais chance de desenvolver FM (p < 0,0001). Conclusão: Mulheres com alelo C para polimorfismo ApaI têm 3,33 vezes mais chance de ter FM (IC 95% = 1,58-7,02; p = 0,0024), e no polimorfismo FokI, a prevalência do alelo T é 10,9 vezes maior (IC 95% = 4,76-25,38; p < 0,0001). Não foram encontradas associações significativas em relação ao polimorfismo BsmI e alelos de frequência (p = 0,062 e p = 0,078, respectivamente).

MicroRNA-146a polymorphism is not associated with cardiovascular disease in the elderly / Polimorfismo MicroRNA 146a não está associado a doenças cardiovasculares em idosos

Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) figure among the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and, among genetic factors, the literature has demonstrated the crucial role of miRNAs and the relationship of physical activity with this pathology. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the functional capacity of exercise, the level of physical activity, and the polymorphism in the miRNA-146a gene in elderly individuals with and without CVD. Methods: This study, developed in a city in the southern region of Brazil, is characterized as cross-sectional. The sample for this study comprised 342 participants, aged 60 or over. The following aspects were analyzed: anthropometric characteristics, genetic profiles, diagnosis of CVD, functional capacity, and the level of physical activity. Results: A statistically significant association was observed between CVD and body mass index (BMI) (א² = 14.278; p = 0.0003), and 40.6% of elderly individuals with CVD were obese, while 31.5% of the normally developed elderly participants presented normal BMI. However, the genotype frequencies (p = 0.546; א² = 1.211) and 6MWT (p = 0.311; א² = 1.025) did not show a statistically signifi-cant association with CVD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the polymorphism in the miRNA-146A (rs2910164) and functional capacity are not associated with CVD in the elderly. However, the BMI did demonstrate an association with this disease.

Resumo Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) figuram entre as causas mais significativas de morbimortalidade no mundo e, dentre os fatores genéticos, a literatura tem demonstrado o papel crucial dos miRNAs e a relação da atividade física com essa patologia. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a capacidade funcional do exercício, o nível de atividade física e o polimorfismo no gene miRNA-146a em idosos com e sem DCV. Métodos: Este estudo, desenvolvido em um município da região sul do Brasil, caracteriza-se como transversal. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 342 participantes, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Foram analisados ​​os seguintes aspectos: características antropométricas, perfis genéticos, diagnóstico de DCV, capacidade funcional e nível de atividade física. Resultados: Observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre DCV e índice de massa corporal (IMC) (א² = 14,278; p = 0,0003), sendo que 40,6% dos idosos com DCV eram obesos, enquanto 31,5% dos idosos normalmente desenvolvidos apresentaram IMC normal. No entanto, as frequências genotípicas (p = 0,546; א² = 1,211) e TC6 (p = 0,311; א² = 1,025) não mostraram associação estatisticamente significante com DCV. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o polimorfismo no miRNA-146A (rs2910164) e a capacidade funcional não estão associados à DCV em idosos; no entanto, o IMC demonstrou associação com essa doença.

Knowledge and Practices of Mothers towards Infant Oral Health Care in Their Children's First Year of Life / Conhecimentos e Práticas de Mães Sobre a Saúde Bucal Infantil no Primeiro Ano de Vida de seus Filhos

This study aimed to assess mothers' oral health-related knowledge and practices in immediate and late puerperium, and in the child's first year of life. This study is a prospective cohort study, in which data were collected from 358 mothers of children born between 2013 and 2014, in immediate and late puerperium, and in children's first year of life, by interviews with sociodemographic characterization and oral health questionnaires, and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test (α = 5%). Participants were mainly aged 20 to 29 years (53.9%), with 7 to 11 years of education (67.6%), from low social class (72.3%), unemployed (58.9%), married or in common-law marriage (84.1%), with more than one child (60.1%). Although 51.7% of them had received information about children's oral health, only 0.8%, 32.4% and 13.7%, respectively, knew the concept, etiology and preventive attitudes regarding dental caries. Mothers aged under 20 and over 30 years, with lower education and from low social class presented significantly lower oral health related knowledge. At children's first year of life, although 78.7% of the children had already been taken to the dentist, half of them had already tasted sugary foods and drinks. It is highlighted the social determination and the need of an improvement of mothers' oral health-related knowledge and practices. Educational actions, especially in prenatal programs, are important to achieve this improvement and to decrease early childhood caries rates. (AU)

Avaliar o conhecimento e as práticas de mães sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos no puerpério imediato, tardio, e no primeiro ano de vida da criança. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva, no qual os dados foram coletados de 358 mães de bebês nascidos entre 2013 e 2014, no puerpério imediato, tardio e um ano após o parto, por entrevistas com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e sobre saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados por estatísticas descritivas e pelo teste Qui-quadrado (α = 5%). As participantes apresentavam, majoritariamente, idades entre 20 a 29 anos (53,9%), com 7 a 11 anos de estudo (67,6%), eram de baixa classe social (72,3%), desempregadas (58,9%), casadas ou em união estável (84,1%), e tinham mais de um filho (60,1%). Apesar de 51.7% delas afirmarem ter recebido informações sobre saúde bucal infantil, apenas 0,8%, 32,4% e 13,7%, respectivamente, sabiam o conceito, etiologia e as atitudes preventivas à cárie. Mães com idades abaixo de 20 e acima de 29 anos apresentaram menor conhecimento sobre saúde bucal do que as demais. No primeiro ano de vida, apesar de 78,7% das crianças já terem ido ao dentista, metade delas já havia experimentado alimentos e bebidas açucarados. Destaca-se a determinação social e a necessidade de melhora no conhecimento e práticas das mães sobre saúde bucal. Ações educativas, especialmente em programas de atenção pré-natal, são importantes para atingir essa melhora e, consequentemente, diminuir as taxas da cárie na primeira infância. (AU)

Neck pain and associated factors in a sample of high school students in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of neck pain among high school students and to analyze associations with sociodemographic variables, use of electronic devices, habitual physical activity practices and mental health problems. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study on a sample of high school students in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Participants were selected through cluster sampling in two stages and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data collection comprised the following steps: 1. sociodemographic characteristics; 2. use of electronic devices; 3. habitual physical activity levels; 3. mental health; and 4. neck pain. RESULTS: A total of 1,628 participants were interviewed. The prevalence of neck pain was 49.1% (95% confidence interval, CI 46.7 to 51.5), with 40.4% (95% CI 37.0 to 43.7) in men and 57.5% (95% CI 54.2 to 60.9) in women. The variables associated with in neck pain were: female (prevalence ratio, PR = 2.04), use of cell phone in standing posture (PR = 1.47), use of tablet in sitting posture (PR = 1.72), length of computer use greater than 3 hours/day (PR = 1.54), length of cell phone use greater than 3 hours/day (PR = 1.54), length of tablet use greater than 3 hours/ day (PR = 1.34) and mental health problems (PR = 1.56). CONCLUSION: There is high prevalence of neck pain among students and striking associations with female sex, use of electronic devices and mental health problems.

Sweetness Taste Preference Levels and Their Relationship to the Nutritional and Dental Caries Patterns among Brazilian Preschool Children

Objective: To evaluate the sweetness taste preference levels and their relationship with the nutritional and dental caries patterns among preschool children. Material and Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were 191 children aged 4 to 5 years, who were regularly attending public Child Education Centers of a city southern Brazil. Children's preference for sugar was evaluated by the Sweet Preference Inventory; caries prevalence, according to the World Health Organization criteria, and nutritional status, by anthropometric weight and stature measurements, in accordance with child growth standards of the World Health Organization. Results: High levels of sweetness preference were identified. The majority of children (67.5%) opted for the most concentrated sucrose solutions. Excess weight was recorded in 27.7% of the preschoolers. The prevalence of caries was 51.8%, with the mean dmf-t equal to 1.92 (± 2.72) and the decayed (c) component responsible for 94.2% of the index. No significant association between sweetness preference and the nutritional or the oral health patterns could be established. In addition, no association between excess weight and dental caries was identified. The diseases studied were only associated with sociodemographic variables. Excess weight was associated with maternal age (p=0.004) and caries experience with family income (p=0.013). Conclusion: No significant associations could be stablished between the sweetness taste preference and the diseases studied, nor between excess weight and dental caries. However, the findings of high patterns of sweet preference, excess weight and untreated caries experience, highlight the need for the implementation of integrated public policies aimed at controlling both nutritional and of oral health problems in the studied population.

Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus mutans isolated from preschoolers with and without early dental care / Diversidade genotípica de Streptococcus mutans isolados de pré-escolares com e sem atendimento odontológico precoce

Abstract Introduction Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) exhibits extensive genotypic diversity, but the role of this variation is poorly understood. Objective To evaluate the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in preschoolers with and without early dental care and to associate it with dental caries experience. Material and method Twenty children, aged five year old, with history of dental care since they were one year old (G1) and 20 children without history of dental care (G2) were included. Their oral health status was assessed by the dmft index. S. mutans samples were isolated from the saliva and analysed by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 339 S. mutans isolates (173 from G1 and 166 from G2) were genotyped by random amplified polymorphic DNA with arbitrary primers OPA-02 and OPA-13. Result The results revealed 75 distinct genotypes of S. mutans in G1 and 73 in G2. Furthermore, G1 and G2 subjects harboured one to eight and one to seven distinct genotypes of S. mutans, respectively. A statistically significant association (P=0.021) and a moderate correlation (r= 0.503) were observed between dental caries experience and genotypic diversity of S. mutans in G1. Conclusion From the limitations of the study design, we just can hypothesize that actions of early dental care carried out by an educative-preventive program can contribute to a distinct oral microbiota.

Resumo Introdução Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) apresentam ampla diversidade genotípica, mas o papel desta variação ainda é pouco compreendido. Objetivo Avaliar a diversidade genotípica de S. mutans em pré-escolares com e sem assistência odontológica precoce e associá-la à experiência de cárie dentária. Material e método Participaram da pesquisa 20 crianças, de cinco anos de idade, com história de assistência odontológica desde o primeiro ano de vida (G1) e 20 crianças sem história de assistência odontológica precoce (G2). A experiência de cárie dentária foi avaliada por meio do índice ceo-d. Amostras de S. mutans foram isoladas a partir da saliva dos participantes e analisadas pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase para identificação molecular da espécie. Um total de 339 isolados bacterianos (173 do G1 e 166 do G2) foram genotipados através da Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico, utilizando-se os primers OPA-02 e OPA-13. Resultado Os resultados revelaram 75 diferentes genótipos de S. mutans no G1 e 73 no G2. Além disso, as crianças do G1 e G2 abrigaram em sua cavidade bucal de um a oito e de um a sete genótipos distintos de S. mutans, respectivamente. Foram observadas uma associação estatisticamente significante (P=0.021) e uma moderada correlação (r=0,503) entre a diversidade genotípica de S. mutans e a experiência de cárie somente no G1. Conclusão A partir das limitações do desenho do estudo, os resultados apenas sugerem que as ações realizadas por meio de um atendimento odontológico precoce podem estar contribuindo para o estabelecimento de uma microbiota bucal distinta.

Oral health promotion in patients with morbid obesity after gastroplasty: a randomized clinical trial / Promoção de saúde bucal em pacientes com obesidade mórbida após gastroplastia: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Background: The bariatric surgery may have negative repercussions on oral conditions. Aim: To evaluate the impact of oral health educational/preventive program developed with patients submitted to gastroplasties. Method: The sample consisted of 109 patients randomly allocated to two groups: intervention group (IG), where they participated in the oral health promotion program that include multiple educational-preventive approaches; control group (CG), where they received usual care from the bariatric clinic staff, without participation in the program. The oral conditions investigated in the pre-operative and postoperative periods of one month (1M) and six months (6M) were: dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth wear, dental plaque and salivary flow. Results: After bariatric surgery, patients in IG presented: fewer changes in enamel (6M: p=0.004), dentin (6M: p=0.005) and gingival bleeding (6M: p<0.0001), reduction in plaque index (1M, 6M: p<0.0001) and increased salivary flow (6M: p=0.039), when compared with CG. Incipient tooth wear was recorded in both groups (6M: p=0.713). Conclusion: There was a positive impact of the implemented program in the prevention of the main oral health problems in patients who underwent gastroplasties, contributing to their quality of life.

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia bariátrica pode repercutir negativamente nas condições bucais. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um programa educativo/preventivo em saúde bucal desenvolvido em pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 109 pacientes aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos: grupo de intervenção (GI), onde participaram do programa de promoção de saúde bucal com abordagens educativo-preventivas; grupo controle (GC), onde receberam cuidado da equipe da clínica, sem participação no programa. As condições bucais investigadas nos períodos pré e pós-operatório de um mês (1M) e seis meses (6M) foram: cárie dentária, doença periodontal, desgaste dentário, placa dentária e fluxo salivar. Resultados: Após a gastroplastia, pacientes do GI apresentaram: menor alteração em esmalte (6M: p=0,004), dentina (6M: p=0,005) e sangramento gengival (6M: p<0,0001); redução no índice de placa (1M, 6M: p<0,0001) e aumento do fluxo salivar (6M: p=0,039), quando comparados aos do GC. Desgaste dentário incipiente foi registrado em ambos os grupos (6M: p=0,713). Conclusão: Houve impacto positivo do programa implementado na prevenção dos principais problemas de saúde bucal em pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia, contribuindo para sua qualidade de vida.

Functional status and severity of osteoarthritis in elderly is associated to the polymorphism of TNFA gene

Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major musculoskeletal disease with high prevalence in the elderly. The study of genetic polymorphisms of inflammatory mediators involved in OA may contribute to the elucidation of the complex pathophysiology of this disease and identification of susceptibility individuals. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphism at tumor necrosis factor alpha gene (SNP - 308 G/A TNFA) with presence, severity and functional status of osteoarthritis in elderly. Methods: This study was characterized as case-control and encompassed 257 physically independent elderly (Mean Age: 68.55 ± 5.2; Minimum age: 60 and Maximum age: 82) were recruited. After this selection, the groups were divided in: 92 elderly individuals with osteoarthritis (case group) and 165 without the disease (control group). Methods: The individuals were genotyped by the TaqMan real-time PCR system. The subjects were classified based on the degree of radiological impairment according to the criteria of Kellgren-Laurence and regarding functional impairment using the WOMAC and LEQUESNE questionnaires. Results: TNFA gene polymorphic individuals (subjects harboring allele A) are more affected by OA (χ2 = 8.7, p = 0.003), once they have major radiological lesion both in hip (Fisher-Freeman-Halton Test = 3.9, p = 0.04) and knee (Fisher- Freeman-Halton Test = 4.0, p = 0.04) as well as worse functional status assessed by the Lequesne questionnaire (Mann- Whitney, p = 0.04). At the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, the presence of rare allele for TNFA (allele A) increases the susceptibility to OA development [OR: 1.87 (95% CI: 1.1 —3.2)]. Conclusion: We conclude that the SNP - 308 G/A of TNFA gene may affect osteoarthritis susceptibility, severity and functional status of individuals with osteoarthritis.

Lower limb muscle strength and serotonin receptor gene polymorphism as factors associated in women with fibromyalgia

Abstract Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by generalized skeletal muscle chronic pain. Its etiology is not well defined, because there are several factors that may trigger it such as physical and/or emotional stresses, or a genetic susceptibility, involving serotonergic, dopaminergic and catecholaminergic paths. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the strength of the lower limb, genetic polymorphism of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2a in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: In this observational study of case-control type 48 women were evaluated who belonged to the group with FM (52 ± 12 years) and 100 women in the control group (58±11 years). Socio demographic and anthropometric data were collected and peripheral blood samples for DNA extraction; genotypic analyzes were performed by means of PCR in real time by TaqMan® system. The lower limb muscle strength was assessed through the test of sitting down and standing up for 30 s. The chi-square test or Fischer Exact was used for possible associations among the variables; the t-test for independent samples was used to compare the averages among the groups; the value of significance adopted was 5%. Results: There was an association between the polymorphism of the HTR2A gene with FM, demonstrating that carriers of the genotype GG have 24.39 times more likely to develop the syndrome (IC95% 5.15-115.47; p = 0.01). It was observed an association between FM and the test to sit and stand up demonstrating that women with fibromyalgia have lower limb muscle strength ( p = 0.01). The study showed that the white race has 3.84 times more likely to develop FM (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that women of Caucasian ethnicity with GG genotype or G allele presented greater risk of developing fibromyalgia and that these patients have lower limb muscle strength compared to the control group.

Associação entre disfunção temporomandibular e zumbido em idosos / Association between temporomandibular disorders and tinnitus in the elderly

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a associação entre zumbido e disfunção temporomandibular em idosos. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com a inclusão de idosos com vida independente. A disfunção temporomandibular foi avaliada por exame odontológico e o zumbido foi verificado pela história médica. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado, o risco relativo e a regressão logística. Resultados O zumbido foi observado em 82,9% dos indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular e, através desta análise, observou-se que a disfunção temporomandibular é um fator de risco para o zumbido. Conclusão Houve associação entre zumbido e disfunção temporomandibular na população idosa. Ressalta-se a importância de identificar fatores de risco para o zumbido, que podem ser modificados por meio de intervenções específicas, uma vez que esta prática é essencial na prevenção de episódios futuros, bem como na gestão do processo de tratamento de pacientes idosos, em geral.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the association between tinnitus and temporomandibular dysfunction in the elderly. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted with the inclusion of elderly individuals with independent living. Temporomandibular dysfunction was assessed by odontological evaluation and tinnitus was verified by medical history. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, relative risk and logistic regression. Results Tinnitus was observed in 82.9% of individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction and through this analysis is shown that temporomandibular dysfunction as a risk factor for tinnitus. Conclusion The results showed that there was association between tinnitus and temporomandibular dysfunction in the elderly population and emphasizes the importance of identifying risk factors for tinnitus that can be modified through specific interventions, since it is essential in the prevention of future episodes, as well as managing the process of treatment of elderly patients in general.

Polymorphism of the cox-2 gene and susceptibility to colon and rectal cancer / Polimorfismo do gene cox-2 e a suscetibilidade ao câncer de cólon e reto

ABSTRACT Background: The colorectal neoplasm is the fourth most common malignancy among males and the third among females. In the Western world is estimated that 5% of the population will develop it, making this disease a major public health problem. Aim: To analyze the prevalence of the polymorphism -765G / C region of the COX-2 gene in colorectal cancer patients compared to a control group, analyzing the possible association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Method: This is a case-control study with 85 participants. Were selected 25 with colorectal cancer (case group) and 60 participants without colorectal neoplasia (control group). The molecular genetic analysis was perform to identify the polymorphism -765G / C COX2 gene with standard literature technique. In addition, patient's clinical and pathological data were analyzed. Results: There was a light increase in prevalence between men in the case group, although this difference was not statistically significant. The results showed a high prevalence of GC and CC genotype in individuals with colorectal cancer, demonstrating an association between the presence of the polymorphism in the COX2 gene and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in this pattern (p=0.02). Similarly, there was also difference in allele frequencies in the groups. When patients with cancer were separated by tumor location, there was a higher prevalence of polymorphism in the left colon (p=0.02). Conclusion: The polymorphism in the COX2 gene is associated with increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer, specially rectosigmoid tumors.

RESUMO Racional: A neoplasia colorretal representa a quarta malignidade mais comum entre homens e a terceira entre as mulheres. No mundo ocidental estima-se que 5% da população a desenvolverá, tornando-a grave problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de polimorfismo na região -765G/C do gene COX-2 em pacientes com câncer colorretal em relação a um grupo controle, analisando a possível associação entre este polimorfismo e a suscetibilidade a ele. Método: Foram incluídos neste estudo caso-controle 85 participantes. Selecionou-se 25 com neoplasia colorretal (grupo caso) e 60 pacientes sem neoplasia colorretal (grupo controle). Realizou-se análise genético-molecular para identificação do polimorfismo -765G/C do gene COX2 com técnica padrão da literatura. Além disso, foram levantados dados clínicos e anatomopatológicos dos pacientes. Resultado: Constatou-se discreto aumento de prevalência entre os homens no grupo caso, embora esta diferença não fosse estatisticamente significante. Os resultados revelaram alta prevalência do genótipo GC e CC nos indivíduos com câncer colorretal, demonstrando associação entre a presença do polimorfismo no gene COX2 e a suscetibilidade ao câncer colorretal nesta amostra (p=0,02). Similarmente, também se observou diferença nas frequências alélicas em relação aos grupos. Quando os pacientes com a neoplasia foram separados por localização do tumor, verificou-se maior prevalência do polimorfismo em pacientes de cólon esquerdo (p=0,02). Conclusão: O polimorfismo no gene COX2 está associado com a maior suscetibilidade ao câncer colorretal, especialmente em tumores do retossigmoide.

Association between oral health status and central obesity among Brazilian independent-living elderly

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral health status and central obesity (CO) in Brazilian independent-living elderly. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 489 elderly, who were participants of the Study on Aging and Longevity, in Londrina, state of Parana. The number of natural teeth and use of prostheses were evaluated according to the World Health Organization criteria. The presence of CO was assessed using measures of waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Information concerning sociodemographic profile and some systemic conditions was also collected. Data were analyzed using stepwise logistic regression, α=5%. According to WC and WHR measures, the prevalence of central obesity was 79.3% and 76.1%, respectively. CO according to WC was not associated with oral status. Considering the WHR measure, the following oral conditions were associated to CO: having fewer natural teeth (OR = 2.61; 95%CI = 1.17-5.80), being edentulous and wearing both upper and lower complete dentures (OR = 2.34; 95%CI = 1.11-4.93), and being edentulous wearing only the upper complete denture (OR = 2.64; 95%CI = 1.01-6.95). Traditional risk factors for CO such as gender, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes were associated with both measures. A poor oral health due to extensive tooth loss, whether partial or complete, even if rehabilitated by removable prostheses, may be considered a good predictor of CO in Brazilian independent-living elderly.

Análise da funcionalidade de idosos com osteoartrite / Análisis de la funcionalidad de ancianos con osteoartritis / Analysis of functional status of elderly with osteoarthritis

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência do gênero, idade e farmacoterapia da osteoartrite (OA) sobre a funcionalidade de idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 105 idosos de ambos os gêneros (Idade: 70,73±6,0 anos) e portadores de OA de quadril e/ou joelho, confirmado por análise radiográfica. A funcionalidade foi avaliada por dois instrumentos: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) e Índice Algofuncional de Lequesne. As análises dos dados apresentaram pior funcionalidade tanto no questionário Lequesne (p=0,007) como no WOMAC (p=0,013) e em seus domínios Intensidade da Dor (p=0,013), Rigidez (p=0,032) e Funcionalidade (p=0,018). Contudo, não foram verificadas diferenças nos instrumentos avaliados quanto a diferentes faixas etárias ou comprometimento da articulação segundo alterações radiográficas (p>0,05). Foi observado que os medicados apresentavam pior funcionalidade em comparação aos que não utilizavam medicamentos para OA (Lequesne: p=0,005; WOMAC: p=0,008 e domínios: Intensidade da Dor: p=0,004; Rigidez: p=0,007 e Funcionalidade: p=0,023). No modelo multivariado, foi observado que o gênero e o tratamento farmacológico influenciam a funcionalidade de idosos portadores de OA (p<0,05), sendo as mulheres e os indivíduos medicados os que apresentam pior funcionalidade tanto no índice Lequesne quanto WOMAC. Observou-se pior funcionalidade em idosas portadoras de OA e que o uso de medicamentos para osteoartrite não promoveu melhora na condição funcional desses indivíduos.

En este estudio se analiza la influencia del género, de la edad y del tratamiento farmacológico para la osteoartritis (OA) en la funcionalidad de las personas mayores. Se trata de un estudio transversal, lo cual 105 personas mayores han participado de ambos géneros (Edad: 70,73±6,0 años) con OA de cadera y/o rodilla confirmado por el análisis radiográfico. Se valoró la funcionalidad bajo dos instrumentos: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) e Índice Algofuncional de Lequesne. En el análisis de datos se mostró peor funcionalidad tanto en el cuestionario Lequesne (p=0,007) como en el WOMAC (p=0,013) y en sus dominios intensidad de dolor (p=0,013), rigidez (p=0,032) y funcionalidad (p=0,018). No obstante, no se comprobaron diferencias en estos instrumentos en relación a las distintas franjas etarias o a la alteración de la articulación, de acuerdo a los indicios en la radiografía (p>0,05). Se observó que los que fueron tratados con medicamentos para la OA presentaban funcionalidad peor que los que no lo utilizaban (Lequesne, p=0,005; WOMAC, p=0,008; y dominios: intensidad de dolor, p=0,004; rigidez, p=0,007 y funcionalidad p=0,023). En el modelo multivariante, se observó que el género y el tratamiento farmacológico influyeron en la funcionalidad de las personas mayores con OA (p<0,05), siendo las mujeres y los sujetos tratados con medicamentos los que más presentaron peor funcionalidad tanto en el índice Lequesne como en el WOMAC, lo que muestra que el uso de medicamentos no mejoraron la condición funcional de estos.

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of gender, age and pharmacological treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) on the functional status of physically independent elderly. This cross-sectional study involved 105 elder individuals from both genders (age: 68.80±6.3 years) with OA of the hip and / or knee, which was confirmed by radiographic analysis. Two specific instruments assessed functional status: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lequesne Index. It was observed worse condition in females in Lequesne (p=0.007), global WOMAC (p=0.013), as well as in its fields: pain intensity (p=0.023), stiffness (p=0.032) and functional status (p=0.018). However, considering age and radiological status, no differences were observed between groups in all variables (p>0.05). It was observed that the individuals with pharmacological treatment for OA have poor functional status in all functional questionnaires (Lequesne, p=0.005; global WOMAC, p=0.008 as well as in specific WOMAC fields, such as Pain intensity, p=0.004; Stifness, p=0.007; and Functional status p=0.023). At multivariate modelo (multiple linear regression), it was observed that gender and pharmacological treatment may influence the functional status of elderly with OA, whereas women and medicated individuals are those showing the worse condition both in Lequesne and WOMAC indexes. It was observed worse functional status in women with osteoarthritis and pharmacological treatment evoked no improvement in functional status of these individuals.

Exploring the association between dental caries, obesity and sensory characteristics in students living in southern Brazil

Objective: to investigate possible associations between dental caries, obesity, sweet taste preference and sensitivity to bitter taste in children and adolescents. Material and Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 462 schoolchildren aged 6-15 years enrolled in public schools of Pato Branco, PR. Their oral conditions were examined by adopting the criteria of the World Health Organization. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric criteria, adopting the reference standards of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. To determine the taste sensitivity, sweet taste preference and sensitivity tophenylthiocarbamide (PTC) tests were applied. In the statistical analysis of data, Chi-square, Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used, adopting significance level of 5%. Results: low dental caries severity levels were observed among students. Overweight was diagnosed in 24.4% of students. The lowest DMFT index was recorded among obese individuals (p <0.05). High levels of sweet taste preference were identified. No statistically significant association was detected between the sensory characteristics assessed and the occurrence of dental caries and obesity in the study sample. Conclusion: the high levels of sweet taste preference, as well as the dental caries and overweight rates observed, although with no statistically significant associations, highlight the need or intersectoral interventions with a focus on healthy eating habits in order to reduce the risk and incidence of chronic diseases in this population.

Association between interleukin-6 polymorphism in the -174 G/C region and hearing loss in the elderly with a history of occupational noise exposure / Associação entre interleucina-6 polimorfismo na região de -174 G/C e perda auditiva em idosos com história de exposição ao ruído ocupacional

INTRODUCTION: The biological processes involved in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are still unclear. The involvement of inflammation in this condition has been suggested. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between interleukin - 6 (IL-6) polymorphism and susceptibility to NIHL. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 191 independent elderly individuals aged > 60 years of age. Information on exposure to occupational noise was obtained by interviews. Audiological evaluation was performed using pure tone audiometry and genotyped through PCR by restriction fragment length polymorphism - PCR-RFLP. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Odds ratio (OR), with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: Among elderly with hearing loss (78.0%), 18.8% had a history of exposure to occupational noise. There was a statistically significant association between the genotype frequencies of the IL-6 -174 and NIHL. The elderly with the CC genotype were less likely to have hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure when compared to those carrying the GG genotype (OR = 0.0124; 95% CI 0.0023-0.0671; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests there is an association of polymorphisms in the IL- 6 gene at position - G174C with susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Os processos biológicos envolvidos na perda auditiva induzida por ruído (PAIR) ainda não estão claros. O envolvimento de processo inflamatório nesta condição tem sido sugerido. OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre o polimorfismo no gene da interleucina-6 (IL-6) e a suscetibilidade à PAIR. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra de 191 idosos independentes acima de 60 anos de idade. Informações sobre a exposição ao ruído ocupacional foram obtidas por entrevistas. A avaliação audiológica foi realizada por meio de audiometria tonal liminar e a genotipagem pela técnica da PCR-RFLP. Os dados foram analisados usando-se o teste Qui-quadrado e a razão de chances (OR), com o nível de significância fixado em 5%. RESULTADOS: Entre os idosos com perda auditiva (78,0%), 18,8% apresentavam histórico de exposição ao ruído ocupacional. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as frequências genotípicas da IL-6 -174 e a PAIR. Os idosos portadores do genótipo CC foram menos propensos a apresentar perda auditiva por exposição ao ruído ocupacional quando comparados a aqueles portadores do genótipo GG (OR = 0,0124; 95% IC 0,0023-0,0671; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo sugere a associação do polimorfismo no gene da IL-6 na posição -G174C com a suscetibilidade à perda auditiva induzida por ruído. .

Detection of Streptococcus mutans of the spaP gene and dental caries in mother/child pairs / Detecção de Streptococcus mutans portador do gene spaP e cárie dentária em pares mãe/criança

Objective: To detect the presence and transmission of S. mutans carrier of the spaP gene in samples of bacterial plaque in mother/child pairs from municipal child education centers, and the possible association with dental caries. Methods: The sample comprised 56 mother/child pairs. For the evaluation of the prevalence and severity of caries, the DMFT and dmft indices were used, following World Health Organization criteria. The oral hygiene pattern was also evaluated using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and O?Leary?s plaque control index. Using DNA extracted from bacteria in the dental plaque of mother/child pairs, a sequence of the S. mutans spaP gene was amplified using PCR. The chi-squared test, Fisher?s exact test and Pearson?s correlation coefficient were applied, using a level of significance of p< 0.05.Results: The mothers presented a DMFT index of 11.02 (SD=6.3) while the children exhibited a dmft index of 2.09 (SD=3.2). Approximately 40% ofmother/child pairs had a good oral hygiene index. A higher percentage of children with caries had, in their dental plaque, S. mutans harboringthe spaP+ gene (p=0.03). No association was detected between the presence of S. mutans spaP+ in the dental plaque of mother and child.Conclusion: An association was found between experience of caries in the children and the presence of bacteria carrying the spaP+ gene. Our results did not detect vertical transmission.

Objetivo: Detectar a presença e a transmissão de S. mutans portador do gene spaP em amostras de placa bacteriana em pares mãe/criança de centros municipais de educação infantil e possível associação com a cárie dentária. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 56 pares mãe/criança. Para avaliação da prevalência e severidade de cárie foram utilizados os índices CPO-D e ceo-d seguindo critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O padrão de higiene bucal foi avaliado através do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado e do índice de controle de placa O´Leary. Utilizando o DNA extraído das bactérias da placa dentária dos pares mãe/criança, uma seqüência do gene spaP de S. mutans foi amplificado pela PCR. Os testes de Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e correlação de Pearson foram realizados. Adotando-se significância de p?< 0,05. Resultados: As mães apresentaram índice CPO-D de 11,02 (DP=6,3) enquanto as crianças mostraram índice ceo-d de 2,09 (DP=3,2). Aproximadamente 40% dos pares mãe/criança tinham um bom índice de higiene bucal. Maior porcentagem das crianças com cárie apresentaram em sua placa dentária S. mutans abrigando o gene spaP+ (p=0,03). Não foi detectada associação entre a presença de S. mutans spaP+ na placa dentária da mãe e seu filho. Conclusão: Foi verificada a associação entre a experiência de cárie nas crianças e a presença da bactéria portadora do gene spaP+. Nossos resultados não detectaram a transmissão vertical.